These days part of my role involves supporting a team of people to work it with young people.  This means I get to read delightful publications such as the Harvard Business Review - something I never imagined myself doing many years ago!  However it seems I can't take off my "clinical psychologist hat" - while I'm reading these articles thoughts often come to mind about how the concepts apply to working with young people in the therapy room.

For instance, I've just been reading about what organisational psychologists call: "Post implementation reviews" which from my (albeit limited) understanding thus far seem to be the process of reviewing a project with a team after it is completed.  From the length of the article I'm assuming there must be more to them than this (?) but apparently doing a PIR (yes - there is an acronym :)) after the completion of a project significantly improves the performance of the team in their next project, even if the projects are unrelated.

This has made me think about the "PIR's" we do with children and teens about their school year.  As it draws to a close, I regularly spend time with the young people I work with asking them to reflect on what the year was like for them and what they'd like to do next year.  I believe these conversations often help them - socially, emotionally and academically - in the following year.

I think these conversations are worth having at home too.  

Here's how to do your own PIR (see, now it's part of your vocab too) with your child/teen. 

1. Set up the conversation

Many kids and teens are not initially particularly interested in a conversation about their school year (as you know many kids/teens are fairly focused on non-school related excitements).  So as adults we need to make the process worthwhile for them and help motivate them to do it.  We can do this by explaining it's potential benefits and also making it worthwhile for them in some other way.  Here are some example comments you could make to do this:

I'd like to have a quick conversation about the school year and how you felt about it.  I'm really interested in how it felt to you, how I could support you better next year and what you think you'd like to keep doing - or do differently - next year.

Could we talk about the year?  I'd like to know what it was like for you.

How about we go out for hot chocolate/go for a walk/go for a drive to (child/teen's favourite spot) to talk about what you thought worked well for you this year at school?

I always find I learn something from thinking back on the year and how it went, I'd like to do this with you - it won't take long - do you have any ideas on when or how you'd like to do this?

Another equally workable option for some kids and teens is to not introduce the conversation at all - but just to find some time together and ask the questions and see how many they can tolerate before you have to leave it and try again another day.

2. Don't turn the conversation into a lecture

Kids and teens are pretty sensitive to picking up when conversations have "lectures" sneakily hidden in the middle.   They often then feel annoyed or switch off.  It's important therefore to not use this conversation as a way of providing lots of our own advice or opinions.

This is not to say as parents/carers we won't have anything to say or offer - but if we really want to help them develop their own self reflection skills, it's important in this particular conversation to do much less of the advice giving, and much more of the being curious, interested and supportive.

3. Prepare questions to ask

Kids and teens are not always skilled at reflecting without specific guidance.  This means it is helpful for us to have some questions ready to go.   I'd like to help out here with some ideas and I've listed them below.  

You'll see if focused on two key areas worth reviewing in relation to the past school year for young people - their peer relationships and how they managed their learning.

I've included some sample phrasing for teens as well as for children in primary school Obviously just adjust to your own child/teen's level of communication.

Reviewing the past year in relation to social and peer relationships

Sample Questions for children

• Tell me about two fun or enjoyable times you had with friends this year.  What were you doing or talking about in these fun times?
• What could you do to have more fun or enjoyable times with friends next year?
• Tell me about two times you felt frustrated, hurt or sad with friends or classmates this year.  What happened?
• What did you do to fix or feel better about these situations?
• Is there anything you could do to avoid these situations happening next year?
• Think of someone in your class who is a really good friend - what did you learn from them this year about being a good friend?
• What would you like to do or say more or less of next year which would help you have better friendships?

Sample Questions for teens

• Who did you feel closest to during the year?
• How have your friendships - and you as a friend - changed over the last 12 months?
• What were the tough times you had with friends this year?
• What did you learn from those tough times?
• What would you like to do more or less of next year - to help you have better friendships at school?

Reviewing the past year in relation to learning and school work

Sample Questions for children

• What two topics or subjects did you most like learning about this year?
• Why did you like these?
• Could you tell me about a project/assignment/test/piece of work you did this year that you felt proud of?
• What did you do or say that helped you get a good result?
• Could you tell me about a project/assignment/test/piece of work you did this year that you were disappointed in?
• What did you do or say that didn't work well?
• Tell me two things you'd like to do more or less of next year to help you feel better about your school work. (If children are stuck for ideas, prompt them with these prompts:  how about when you are sitting on the mat, working at your desk, doing homework, working in groups)
• Can you think of something your teacher did or said this year which helped you learn or think?
• How often did you ask for help this year when you were stuck or confused?  Is there anything that stopped you from asking for help?
• Can you remember a time when you forgot to finish something or bring something you needed home/from school?  What could you do next year to help you remember things when you need them?

Sample questions for teens

• What two topics or subjects did you most like learning about this year?
• Why did you like these?
• Tell me about a project/assignment/test/piece of work you did this year that you felt proud of?
• What did you do or say that helped you get a good result?
• Could you tell me about a project/assignment/test/piece of work you did this year that you were disappointed in?
• What did you do or say that didn't work well?
• Could you tell me a couple of things you'd like to do more or less of next year to help you feel good about your learning? (If teens are stuck for ideas, prompt them with these prompts:  how about when you are listening to teachers in class, working on computers/in your book, in homework, working in groups) .
• Which teachers did you have the best relationships with this year? Why was that?
• What did you do or say with those teachers which helped you have a good relationship with them?
• How often did you ask for help or clarification with something this year?  What stopped you from doing this?  Is there anything you could do next year to ask for help more often?
• Could you tell me about a couple of times when you forgot to do something/bring something to school or home that you needed?  Is there anything you could have done to have avoided that happening?  Do you have any plans for next year to help you remember these things more often?
  
  And finally, a couple of final questions about parent/carer-student relationships

For children...

• Is there anything you think I don't understand about what school is like for you?
• Is there anything I can do to help you feel better about school and your learning next year?
  
  For teens
• Can you remember any times when you felt I was understanding and supported you during your school year this year?  Can you remember any times when you didn't feel I understood or supported you?
• Is there anything I could do next year to be more supportive and understanding?  Is there anything you could do to help me act this way towards you?
  
  4. Don't take full responsibility for this conversation - or their learning journey

Remember, as parents/carers it is not our responsibility to manage every aspect of our young people's learning.  Of course as parents we do have a responsibility to coach them through it, provide opportunities for them to reflect on their learning and help them get better at learning skills - but at the end of the day - this is their journey.

Good luck!

Kirrilie

For those of you with primary aged children and who are members of Calm Kid Central, I have an "activity" sheet for children with the questions above preprinted on it, which you can download/print out for children to complete if you like.  If you are not a member of Calm Kid Central, click on the button below to find out more.

I’ve just looked at our clinic calendars and despite us seeing 200 young people this week, our waiting lists for new clients are currently stretching out to around 2-3 months.  More than ever, there are children and young people facing challenges – and families who are looking for support and answers.

One of the major issues facing young people is anxiety.  Anxiety is the most commonly diagnosed mental health condition in children – and certainly it makes up a large proportion of the families who work with us.

Unfortunately, services can’t always keep up with demand for services in supporting kids with this issue – and getting help for children and young people who experience anxiety can take some time.

The good news is that there are many things parents and carers can do at home which reduce anxiety and worry in children – and slowly over time – increase their confidence.

If you have a child who struggles with worry and anxiety – and you are either not able to get to an appointment or not sure whether you need it yet – consider the following ideas

This week I've felt disappointed and worried about various situations.  One of my kids was sick and I was worried about him.  I had a disagreement with my partner and felt frustrated. I felt overwhelmed by my task list at work.

In other words, I'm a (fairly :)) normal human being who had a pretty normal week.  As humans, we all experience difficult times - and negative emotions - most of us at least weekly, if not every day.

One of the strategies most adults instinctively use to cope with negative emotions is to generate calm, reassuring and positive sentences to say to ourselves to give us another perspective on our situation.  I've written about this before but as a reminder, I'm talking about sentences which provide an alternative perspective to our anxious thinking.  For example, mine this week were:

Some children find family separation or other big family changes to living arrangements - pretty hard going.  They might feel sad, worried about the future, irritated, guilty or frustrated.  Sometimes these feelings creep out into tricky behaviour.

However, other children manage separation and family changes really well.  For some children, the new situation is a change for the better.  For others, they experience a "bump" but move on quickly.

Fortunately we know how to make potentially significant life events like these easier on children.  There are many different ways families manage well.  Here are some of the most common helpful steps I see families take:

"I'm fine!"

Do you hear this phrase a lot from your kids/teens - even when you suspect your child/teen is *not* actually "fine" at all?

Many children and teens find it hard to tell us how they feel when they are upset, angry, worried or embarrassed.  

This is not surprising.

It is not easy for us as adults to describe negative emotions, what might have caused them and what we would like to happen differently.   It's even harder for young people, with less developed brains - and sometimes bigger and more powerful feelings which interfere with communication skills anyway.